REPARATIVE PROCESSES PROMOTION IN SPORT INJURIES WlTH BONE LESIONS

INTRODUCTION- The injuries of bones in maxillofacial region as a result of traumas in sport are not uncommon. Implantation of apatites containing glasscristalmaterials (AGM) in granules has been suggested for promotion of reparative processes and rehabilitation of athletes with bone defects. The aim of the work is comparative study of osteoinductive characteristics of AGM and composite material based on collagen sponge with 80% AGM (CSAGM)."Biositallw (Russia) has been used as AGM, and "Biositacol" (Russia) - as a CSAGM. The experiment was made on 18 rabbits (3 groups). In 1' and 2nd groups the material have been implanted into perforated holes with diameter 2 mni and 5 mm in depth, located in mandible along the alveolar ridge between incisors and posterior teeth. One group was used as a control one (perforated hole has been filled with blood clots).The samples of implanted materials were taken in 3,7 day, 2,4,6,8 weeks after implantation. Osteoinductive characteristics have been investigated by histomorphologic technique according to osteoblast formation rate and site, their maturation into osteocytes which further formed bone trabeculas with bone plates construction. RESULTS-In the control group of animals whose mandible perforations had been allowed to fill with blood clots, histologic examinations showed acute inflammation reactions in the periphery of the bone defects after seven days. After 2-4 weeks the reproduction of fibroblasts and formation of conjuctive tissue in the bone defect were observed. By the sixth week, the jaw bone defect was filled in with well formed mature conjunctive tissue, and by the eighth week isolated bone tissue growths were observed. In the early stage of the experiment, 3-7 days after implantation, acute inflammation with lymphohisteocytic reaction around the AGM granules was recorded. At the same time, by the second week muttinucleated cells of foreign bodies appeared in all test groups. By the forth week, tymphohisteocytic infiltrates disappeared, and the multinucleated cells of foreign bodies had appeared to resolve the AGM granules. Surrounding the AGM granules, a great number of osteocytes had formed young conjunctive tissue which incapsuled almost every granule. By the sixth week, the histological preparations showed the formation of bone tissue in the periphery of the defect. Regenerated bone spicules in the process of mending developed the spongy structure of bone tissue. By the eighth week, the process of osteogenesis around the AGM granules was far advanced everywhere. During the implantation of CSAGM the extensive osteoclastic response at the defect borders was defined by the 3d day. From the 7Ih day to two weeks single osteoblasts appeared and proliferation of immature cells of collagen tissue was noted. By the second week fibroblast net between AGM granules as well as single new-formed collagen fibers and single bone trabeculas at the defect borders appear. During the 4'h week the defect periphery was filled with bone trabeculas with their partial growth towards the centre. By the 6Ih week osteogenesis was marked all over the defect. CONCLUSION-Both AGM and CSAGM implantation promotes reparative processes in bone injuries comparing with the control group. In CSAGM implantation histomorphological pattern of bone tissue elements formation appears in two weeks earlier than in AGM implantation. The difference in direction of reparative processes in bone has been noted: all over the defect in the zone of AGM implantation and at the defect borders in CSAGM implantation

Екологічний менеджмент в готельно-ресторанному комплексі

In the current context, significant changes are taking place in the structure of Ukrainian industry. Powerful productions of some spheres of activity lose their urgency and, on the contrary, acquire the development of power of other branches, namely, craft productions, to the composition of which the company belongs. The result of the activity of the businesses complex is the formation of significant volumes of food waste (about 160 thousand ton), discharges of concentrated wastewater, wastewater discharges. The wastes of the restaurant industry have a wide nomenclature and a specific composition, under the conditions of their placement in the components of the environment form the ecological aspects of the negative effects. Food wastes of facility in this branch contain a significant amount of nutrients, organic substances and require complex processes of their processing. Meanwhile, according to their composition, production wastes can be involved in the transfer process with the removal of secondary raw materials and energy sources. Thus, there is a need to improve existing and new technologies for the transfer of hazardous waste in order to reduce the load on the environment. The results of the analysis of world and domestic developments in the field of technologies for the utilization of food waste allowed to determine the main methodological approaches to the transition. In the case of the utilization of food waste, biotechnological methods represent a significant interest. Thus, the work is devoted to the connection of the actual scientific-practical task, which consists in the scientific substantiation and improvement of the technology of the transfer of the population's needs.В умовах сьогодення у структурі промисловості України відбуваються значні зміни. Втрачають актуальність потужні виробництва одних сфер діяльності й, навпаки, набувають розвитку потужності інших галузей, а саме крафтових виробництв, до яких належать ресторанні господарства. Результатом діяльності підприємств ресторанного комплексу є утворення значних обсягів харчових відходів (близько 160 тис. тонн), скидів концентрованих стічних вод, зростання обсягів викидів в атмосферу. Відходи закладів ресторанного господарства мають широку номенклатуру та специфічний склад і за умов розміщення їх у компонентах довкілля формують екологічні аспекти негативного впливу на довкілля. Харчові відходи підприємств цієї галузі мають у своєму складі значну кількість біогенних елементів, органічних речовин і потребують складних процесів їх переробки. Проте за своїм складом відходи виробництва можуть бути залучені у процеси переробки з одержанням вторинних сировинних та енергетичних ресурсів. Таким чином, виникає необхідність удосконалення існуючих то розробки нових технологій переробки харчових відходів з метою зменшення навантаження на навколишнє середовище. Результати аналізу світових і вітчизняних розробок у галузі технології утилізації харчових відходів дозволили визначити основні методологічні підходи до переробки відходів ресторанних господарств. У випадку з утилізацією харчових відходів значний інтерес становлять біотехнологічні методи. Таким чином, робота присвячена розв’язанню актуального науково-практичного завдання, що полягає в науковому обґрунтуванню та удосконаленню технології переробки харчових відходів ресторанних господарств з метою зниження їхнього впливу на компоненти довкілля

Single electron emission in two-phase xenon with application to the detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering

We present an experimental study of single electron emission in ZEPLIN-III, a two-phase xenon experiment built to search for dark matter WIMPs, and discuss applications enabled by the excellent signal-to-noise ratio achieved in detecting this signature. Firstly, we demonstrate a practical method for precise measurement of the free electron lifetime in liquid xenon during normal operation of these detectors. Then, using a realistic detector response model and backgrounds, we assess the feasibility of deploying such an instrument for measuring coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering using the ionisation channel in the few-electron regime. We conclude that it should be possible to measure this elusive neutrino signature above an ionisation threshold of $\sim$3 electrons both at a stopped pion source and at a nuclear reactor. Detectable signal rates are larger in the reactor case, but the triggered measurement and harder recoil energy spectrum afforded by the accelerator source enable lower overall background and fiducialisation of the active volume

F-Theory Grand Unification at the Colliders

We predict the exact gaugino mass relation near the electroweak scale at one loop for gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking in F-theory SU(5) and SO(10) models with U(1)_Y and U(1)_{B-L} fluxes, respectively. The gaugino mass relation introduced here differs from the typical gaugino mass relations studied thus far, and in general, should be preserved quite well at low energy. Therefore, these F-Theory models can be tested at the Large Hadron Collider and future International Linear Collider. We present two typical scenarios that satisfy all the latest experimental constraints and are consistent with the CDMS II experiment. In particular, the gaugino mass relation is indeed satisfied at two-loop level with only a very small deviation around the electroweak scale.Comment: RevTex4, 6 pages, 6 figure

Quenching Factor for Low Energy Nuclear Recoils in a Plastic Scintillator

Plastic scintillators are widely used in industry, medicine and scientific research, including nuclear and particle physics. Although one of their most common applications is in neutron detection, experimental data on their response to low-energy nuclear recoils are scarce. Here, the relative scintillation efficiency for neutron-induced nuclear recoils in a polystyrene-based plastic scintillator (UPS-923A) is presented, exploring recoil energies between 125 keV and 850 keV. Monte Carlo simulations, incorporating light collection efficiency and energy resolution effects, are used to generate neutron scattering spectra which are matched to observed distributions of scintillation signals to parameterise the energy-dependent quenching factor. At energies above 300 keV the dependence is reasonably described using the semi-empirical formulation of Birks and a kB factor of (0.014+/-0.002) g/MeVcm^2 has been determined. Below that energy the measured quenching factor falls more steeply than predicted by the Birks formalism.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

WIMP-nucleon cross-section results from the second science run of ZEPLIN-III

We report experimental upper limits on WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections from the second science run of ZEPLIN-III at the Boulby Underground Laboratory. A raw fiducial exposure of 1,344 kg.days was accrued over 319 days of continuous operation between June 2010 and May 2011. A total of eight events was observed in the signal acceptance region in the nuclear recoil energy range 7-29 keV, which is compatible with background expectations. This allows the exclusion of the scalar cross-section above 4.8E-8 pb near 50 GeV/c^2 WIMP mass with 90% confidence. Combined with data from the first run, this result improves to 3.9E-8 pb. The corresponding WIMP-neutron spin-dependent cross-section limit is 8.0E-3 pb. The ZEPLIN programme reaches thus its conclusion at Boulby, having deployed and exploited successfully three liquid xenon experiments of increasing reach

Measurements of Scintillation Efficiency and Pulse-Shape for Low Energy Recoils in Liquid Xenon

Results of observations of low energy nuclear and electron recoil events in liquid xenon scintillator detectors are given. The relative scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils is 0.22 +/- 0.01 in the recoil energy range 40 keV - 70 keV. Under the assumption of a single dominant decay component to the scintillation pulse-shape the log-normal mean parameter T0 of the maximum likelihood estimator of the decay time constant for 6 keV < Eee < 30 keV nuclear recoil events is equal to 21.0 ns +/- 0.5 ns. It is observed that for electron recoils T0 rises slowly with energy, having a value ~ 30 ns at Eee ~ 15 keV. Electron and nuclear recoil pulse-shapes are found to be well fitted by single exponential functions although some evidence is found for a double exponential form for the nuclear recoil pulse-shape.Comment: 11 pages, including 5 encapsulated postscript figure

Results from the First Science Run of the ZEPLIN-III Dark Matter Search Experiment

The ZEPLIN-III experiment in the Palmer Underground Laboratory at Boulby uses a 12kg two-phase xenon time projection chamber to search for the weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) that may account for the dark matter of our Galaxy. The detector measures both scintillation and ionisation produced by radiation interacting in the liquid to differentiate between the nuclear recoils expected from WIMPs and the electron recoil background signals down to ~10keV nuclear recoil energy. An analysis of 847kg.days of data acquired between February 27th 2008 and May 20th 2008 has excluded a WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering spin-independent cross-section above 8.1x10(-8)pb at 55GeV/c2 with a 90% confidence limit. It has also demonstrated that the two-phase xenon technique is capable of better discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils at low-energy than previously achieved by other xenon-based experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 17 figure